Retraction and Correction Policies

For all end users, the Editorial Board and the publisher are responsible for ensuring the completeness and accuracy of our content's scholarly record. An article can only be modified under specific circumstances after it has been posted online. Following best practices in the academic publishing community, the Editorial Board and the publisher have a strict policy of maintaining the authority of papers after publication. An erratum is a brief statement outlining the correction(s) made in response to any errors or omissions found in the original work, written by the authors of the original work. It is crucial to assess if the changes have impacted the findings of the paper. An erratum is published instead of removing an article containing a correction from the journal's online version. The updated article is linked to the Erratum, accessible to all users at no cost upon publication. A study that has been retracted is removed from the scientific literature and should no longer be considered part of it. Retraction of a study occurs when there is clear evidence that the results are unreliable, which may be due to misconduct or honest mistakes; when the results have been published elsewhere without proper citation, authorization, or explanation; when the study has been plagiarized; or when the study presents unethical research. This is done to maintain the integrity of the record. Therefore, the retracted article is linked to the notice of retraction instead of being removed from the journal's online edition. All readers receive a notice of retraction. Authors of a paper can publish a retraction if they discover a significant error in the study; if not, the publisher or the Editor-in-Chief may determine that a retraction is necessary. The retraction will always identify the decision-maker and the rationale behind the action. Publisher's Notes are used to inform readers that an article has been updated after publication, typically due to production or typographical errors that compromise the integrity of the article metadata or significantly impact readers' comprehension of the content. The revised version of the article replaces the original, with all readers having access to the publisher's notes. KJASSE reserves the right to correct minor errors that do not compromise accuracy or comprehension, or involve a scientific error or omission. Authors should note that an article can only be amended or removed within a year of its original publication date. If an article is corrected more than a year after publication, only a Publisher's Note will be included. These guidelines are in line with COPE Retraction Guidelines.