Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations

Impact of Treasury Single Account Policy on University Revenues: A Case Study of the University of Jos, Nigeria

Yahaya Abubakar Sadiq, Usman Yakubu Abdullahi, Kabiru Sule — Wed, 31 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examined the impact of the Treasury Single Account (TSA) policy on the revenues of the University of Jos and its role in reconciling fund balance differences between the government and the university. The study assessed the implications of the TSA policy on financial operations and accountability within the university context. This study employed descriptive survey design. The population for this study included administrators, financial officers, and relevant staff at the University of Jos. Government officials involved in the implementation of the TSA policy were also considered for interviews and data collection. Structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders to gather qualitative insights into the impact of the TSA policy. Financial records, government policies, and relevant documents were analyzed to understand the implementation and effects of the TSA policy. Questionnaires were distributed to a sample of university staff to collect quantitative data on their experiences with the TSA policy. Qualitative data from interviews and document analysis were subjected to content analysis to identify recurring themes and patterns. Quantitative data were analyzed using statistical techniques, such as descriptive statistics and simple percentage, to identify trends and correlations. The findings provided insights into financial management, transparency, and accountability within the university. Based on the findings, the study recommended improvements in financial reporting, communication between the university and the government, and the development of strategies to mitigate any adverse effects on university revenues.

Nigeria’s Leadership Role and ECOWAS Interventions in Cote D’ivoire

Itam Nnaghe Obono — Wed, 17 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ECOWAS abandoned the doctrine of non-interference in the domestic affairs of member States for constructive engagement/non indifference by its interventions in Liberia and Sierra Leone. These 20^th century decisive and forceful interventions under the auspices of ECOMOG led by Nigeria earned ECOWAS her pride of place as the first sub-regional economic bloc to venture into regional security roles in the global community. However, the region is still plagued with internal security challenges, terrorism, smuggling, illicit cross border trading and political instability occasioned by: bad governance, electoral violence, lack of free and fair elections, inability of incumbents to accept electoral defeat by opposition, attempts at tenure elongation through constitutional amendments, unconstitutional changes of government and French influence in Francophone states. The reluctance by Nigeria to lead ECOWAS military interventions to restore political stability between 1999 and 2012 in Guinea, Guinea Bissau, and Cote d’Ivoire, reverberated in the continent and global discourse. Many scholars described it as a sign of fatigue and withdrawal by Nigeria from peacekeeping. The return to democracy in May 1999 in Nigeria, after sixteen straight years of military rule, signaled a new approach to Nigeria’s foreign policy without a change of objectives. Nigeria was not visible and did not lead in mediation or deploy militarily in Cote d’Ivoire creating coordination problems.

A Ticking Bomb for Nigeria? The EndSARS Protest in Retrospect

Taiwo Abimbola Olaniyan, Oluwafunminiyi Wasiu Raheem — Sun, 17 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Since Nigeria’s return to democratic rule in 1999, no social movement has had such a devastating impact across the country as the EndSARS protest in 2020. This protest not only exposed the cracks in the Nigerian nationhood but also reflected leadership failure in the country. The paper presents a retrospect on the EndSARS protest in Nigeria. The analysis is based on keen observations of Nigeria’s socio-political trajectory following the October 2020 demonstration. It incorporates data primarily from secondary sources. This paper contends that serious efforts should be made in pursuit of genuine reforms, social justice and meaningful reconciliation for aggrieved citizens in all strata of the country. The EndSARS protest is not only a ticking time bomb but one of the few opportunities open by the Nigerian political leadership for inclusive governance for the teeming youth population.

The Role of Social Media in Political Mobilization: A Study of APC Gubernatorial Election in Gombe State

Mamud Yero Mohammed, Musa Mohammed Kirfi — Wed, 24 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study seeks to examine the role of social media in political mobilization of APC Gubernatorial Election in Gombe State (2019-2023). Four research objectives were formulated that guides the study which are; the role social media played in political mobilization, the impact social media played in the political mobilization, how political mobilization is enhance via the use of social media and solutions to the challenges faced by use of social media in political mobilization of APC gubernatorial election in Gombe State. Descriptive survey design was employed in the study. The population of the study will constitute the entire population of Gombe state of 2,365,040 according to 2006 census. Sample size of 400 social mobilizers of APC Gubernatorial Election in Gombe State was used as sample for the study. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science. The results revealed that mobilization through Facebook invites more people to the party, social media posts on a Facebook encourage political mobilization and posting on Facebook motivates people to get interest on the party during APC gubernatorial election in Gombe State. The study also concludes that advertisement of contestant on Instagram through the use of videos, reduce the rate of protest and play major role in political mobilization of APC gubernatorial election in Gombe State. The study recommended that Facebook should be used as effective tool for social media mobilization of political activities.

Assessment of the Implementation of 2007 Public Procurement Acts in Service Delivery of National Insurance Commission, Abuja

Augustina Augutine, Becky Ade Aliegba , Daniel Amehojo — Sun, 14 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The public procurement Act (PPA) is a critical legislative instrument designed to promote transparency, efficiency and accountability in the procurement process across Nigerian public institutions. This study assesses the influence of adherence to the 2007 Public Procurement Act on the accountability mechanisms within the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) in Abuja. The population of the study is 267 of which sample of 100 was taken; simple percentage tool of analysis was adopted. The study objectives are to assess the influence of adherence to the 2007 Public Procurement Act on the accountability mechanisms within the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) in Abuja and to evaluate the extent to which the implementation of the 2007 Public Procurement Act contributes to achieving value for money in the procurement processes of the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) in Abuja. The study used likert scale closed – ended (fixed-alternative) questions that required strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree, and strongly disagree. The study adopted survey and documentary research design methods. The study relied on both primary and secondary sources of data. The study gathered quantitative data through structured questionnaire distributed to employees at various levels within the NAICOM who are involved in the supervision of insurance industries. The study revealed that the implementation of the 2007 Public Procurement Act significantly contributes to achieving value for money in the procurement processes of the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) in Abuja.

Challenges and Prospects of Technology Deployment for Elections in Nigeria under the Fourth Republic

Shehu Layiwola Wahab — Wed, 17 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper explored the challenges and prospects of technology deployment for elections in Nigeria, using qualitative research design and the theory of social construction of technology as its theoretical foundation. The paper relied on semi-structured interviews with 12 purposively selected experts in technology deployment in the electoral process. Findings show that a number of challenges such as environmental factors, inadequate training for handlers of technologies during elections, the high cost of deploying technologies, corruption, and the vulnerability of technologies, etc. continue to beset the deployment of technologies for elections in Nigeria. The paper also found that technology has very good prospects to improve the electoral process in Nigeria; and that there is the need for the gradual introduction of more technologies in future elections in Nigeria. The paper made some recommendations for the need for INEC to deploy a monitoring mechanism for the technologies it deploys for elections; the gradual introduction of more technologies in the electoral process; and the need for political leaders, politicians and the INEC to develop the commitment and political will towards effective deployment of technologies for better elections in Nigeria.

Impact of Multinational Corporations in the Practice of Nigerian Diplomacy

Nwala Paul , Frank O. Amugo — Sun, 17 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Multinational corporations most times influence the diplomatic practice of their host countries by shaping their economic and political dynamics through their socioeconomic operations and representations of their home country's interests. This is because the significant investments of these multinational corporations facilitate increased diplomatic engagements to ensure favourable conditions for business. Furthermore, the presence of multinational corporations has increasingly become a determining factor in the conception and implementation of foreign policy by states. Thus, this paper explores the multifaceted issues and prospects emanating from the advent of multinational corporations on Nigeria’s diplomacy, examining the interplay between economic interests and diplomatic ties. It delves into how multinational corporations have influenced Nigeria’s foreign policy making and Diplomatic practices. A historical method through mostly secondary sources of data is employed to highlight instances where the investments of multinational corporations and their activities thereof had formed the basis for diplomatic decisions and how it has informed Nigeria’s stance on global issues. The reciprocal nature of the nexus between foreign policy making and multinational corporations is examined, capitalizing on the evolving dynamics between multinationals and Nigerian diplomacy, thereby contributing to a nuanced understanding of the complex interaction between economic forces and diplomatic activities in general.

Nigeria’s Intergovernmental Relations: A Comparative Analysis of 1963 And 1999 Constitutions

Awodokun Ayotunde Abraham — Mon, 22 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The essential feature of federated States is the division of political power between the federating States and Central Governments. Each tier of government has the final say in respect of matters assigned to it by the constitution. The central and state governments to achieve their set goals, the different levels of government must interact. This interaction of the various levels of government is referred to as intergovernmental relations. This paper Examines Nigeria’s Intergovernmental Relations Under 1963 Republican Constitution and 1999 Constitution, with the aim of determining whether a centralized constitutional provision as we have it under 1999 or decentralized provisions as we had it under 1963 constitution can enhance better intergovernmental relations and facilitates development and healthy competition among states in Nigeria. This study was qualitative in approach and gathered data are content analyzed, using the three-fold typology formulated by Diel S. Wright as framework of analysis. It was discovered that the 1963 constitution gave high level of Autonomy to the regions, and this enhanced development in various dimensions and healthy competition among the Regions, while 1999 constitutional provisions skewed in favour of the federal government as evidenced in the exclusive legislative list and revenue sharing formula. It shows that this present arrangement inhibits pace of development in the country particularly in the areas of social infrastructure, security and even internally generated revenue.

International Criminal Police Organisation and the Challenges in the Fight against Cybercrime in Nigeria

Audu Momoh Aminu — Sun, 14 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study seeks to ascertain the challenges that have bedeviled Interpol in the fight against cybercrime in Nigeria. On the second assumption of the space transition theory of Jaishankar (2008) which believes that Identity Flexibility, dissociative anonymity and poor deterrence factors that characterized the cyberspace is a motivator of cybercrime, the study adopted a descriptive pattern and mixed method to collect data from three hundred and seventy-five (375) respondents randomly and purposively selected from Interpol National Central Bureau (NCB) Abuja, Nigeria Police Force (NPF), Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) and the Department of State Services (DSS). The study found that inadequate finance, cyber-anonymity and poor deterrence are the most serious challenges that have bedeviled Interpol in the fight against Cybercrime in Nigeria. It therefore recommends that Interpol member countries, partners and stakeholders need to fulfill their financial obligations in line with the Interpol Constitution to enable it carry out laudable programs and activities and to effectively fight the menace of Cybercrime in Nigeria. That, all law enforcement agencies involved in the fight against Cybercrime in Nigeria must step up their synergy, Intelligence Sharing and Utilization of the Interpol platforms/tools in order to effectively deal with the level of cyber-anonymity and poor deterrence that has pervaded the fight against cybercrime in Nigeria and for effective result.

The Current Israel-Palestine Conflict and its Impacts on Israel’s Economy and Diplomatic Ties

Muazu Adamu Yakubu , Peter Luke Oyigebe — Sun, 14 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Israel-Hamas conflict begun on October 7, 2023 where there were hostilities expanding to the West Bank and the Israel-Lebanon border. Since the start of the war, it has posed serious economic and diplomatic relations for Israel. The economic implications for Israel are substantial, with an estimated weekly loss of $600 million due to work absences, representing about 6% of the country's weekly GDP. Projections suggest that if the war extends for eight to twelve months, the overall cost to the Israeli economy could exceed $50 billion, close to 10% of the country's GDP. Diplomatically, Israel has faced backlash, with countries like Bolivia, Belize, Türkiye, Bahrain, and Jordan taking various measures, including breaking off ties or recalling ambassadors. China and Russia have taken more assertive stances, with China playing a mediator role and Russia showing increased hostility toward Israel. The situation has raised concerns about potential mass displacement, and the conflict's impact on the global economy is significant, potentially leading to recession. This paper examines the implication and impact of the Israel-Hamas conflict on economic and diplomatic relations of Israel, the paper leveraged on secondary sources of data cutting across scholarly submissions, News from print and New Media sources, to clearly bring to the limelight the implications of these impasse on the Middle-East and most especially a blow to Israel’s economy and diplomatic ties. Findings of the paper identify multifaceted problems to Israel, ranging from immediate human and infrastructure tolls to long-term economic and diplomatic ramifications.

Women Empowerment and Community Development in Katsina State: A Study of Daura Local Government Area

Nurain Abayomi Mumuni , Abdulrasheed Abdulyakeen — Sun, 17 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study examines women empowerment and community development in Katsina State with focus on Daura L.G.A. Specific objectives was to identify the problems hindering women’s participation in community development in Daura L.G.A. The study adopts Liberal Feminism theory as the theoretical foundation of analysis. It seeks to describe the social world from the distinctive vantage points of women. Descriptive survey design was applied as the research design of the study. The result revealed that 41.3% of respondents believe that lack of government assistance has significantly hindered women's empowerment and community development. The majority (60%) believe cultural factors are the main reason for women's lack of participation in community development. The majority (60%) have contributed financially to development projects, while 33.3% have contributed materially. The study recommended that assist women to achieve economic viability through acquisition of literacy and other necessary skills and resources. In addition, gender empowerment strategies under these circumstances require structural systemic change and basic attitudinal and value change. The real empowerment of women requires a thorough going renewal of the political process on a democratic basis.

The Digitalisation of Political Engagement in Nigeria

Foluso M. Adeyinka , Tahir Adekunle Ijaiya — Wed, 17 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Political participation and engagement are essential pillars of participatory democracy and allow citizens to exercise their power to steer the affairs of the country. Since the beginning of the century, digital technology has, however, impacted every aspect of human activities, including politics, especially with the adoption of digital tools for political participation and engagement. The study used secondary data to examine the political use of digital technology (especially the internet and social media) and its associated dangers in Nigeria. The study found that, in Nigeria, digital technology served as an emancipatory and empowerment tool that helps citizens participate in politics, especially during elections and protests, and in ways that traditional means cannot afford. This is evident in the role digital technology played during the 2011, 2015, 2019, and 2023 elections as well as during the 2012 Occupy Nigeria protest, 2014 Bring Back Our Girls Campaign, and 2020 EndSARS protest. At the same time, digital technology has been adopted by actors with malicious intent to spread misinformation and by the government to repress and censor Nigerians, which is detrimental to their right to privacy and freedom of association and speech. Evidence shows how public officials and private citizens spread misinformation, especially during political crisis. Evidence also abounds on government’s attempt to procure surveillance and censorship devices, pass bills on regulating online participation, and illegal arrest of journalist, citizens, and dissidents for expression their political opinion. This underscores the complex and nuanced nature of the digital-political landscape in Nigeria.

National Policy on Education and the Challenges of Girl-Child Education in Cross River State

Victoria Amiokama Eyong — Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The importance of female education, especially in the developing countries, cannot be overemphasized. There is considerable evidence that the education of women has a direct impact on various aspects of the social, economic, and political well-being of a country. The study examined the National Policy on Education and the challenges of girl-child Education in Cross River State Mixed survey design was adopted for the study and a total sample of 295 respondents in Cross River State, Nigeria, participated in the study. The study was anchored on System Theory and findings showed that significant disparities in educational opportunities and the representation of girls in education. The consequences of limited educational opportunities for girls in Cross River State are far-reaching. The study recommends that Efforts should be made to improve access to quality education for girls. This includes the construction and renovation of school infrastructure, provision of safe transportation, and the implementation of policies that encourage and support girls' enrolment and retention in schools.

Linking Globalization and the Culture of Violence in Africa: Implications for Security in Nigeria

Sat, 13 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The intersection of globalization and the culture of violence in Africa, with particular reference to Nigeria, pose a multifaceted challenge impacting various security dimensions. The infiltration of violent extremism, insurgency, and related phenomena have shaped a complex security landscape, affecting military readiness, political stability, economic development, environmental sustainability, psychological well-being, societal cohesion, territorial integrity, and technological resilience. This paper explores the linkage between globalization and the culture of violence in Africa, emphasizing security implications. Qualitative methods, including the analysis of books, journal articles, internet sources, etc., were employed for data collection, with content analysis as the chosen analytical method. The findings reveal that globalization, through its economic, cultural, and technological dimensions, have transformed and intensified violence within Nigerian communities. The paper underscores how global interconnectedness has facilitated the dissemination of extremist ideologies, heightened ethnic tensions, and worsened existing conflicts, fostering a conducive environment for violence. Furthermore, the paper delineates the nuanced implications of this phenomenon on Nigerian security, highlighting the significant challenges posed by the emergence of insurgent groups like Boko Haram and other internal strife to the country's stability and governance structures. The paper recommends comprehensive strategies beyond conventional security measures to address the impacts of globalization-induced violence in Nigeria. It advocates for multifaceted approaches encompassing social, economic, and political dimensions to effectively tackle the intricate security threats stemming from the culture of violence induced by globalization.

The Media and Challenges of Promoting Democratic Governance in Nigeria

AbdulAziz Sani Zango — Wed, 24 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Media is an essential component of democratic governance, this is because of the crucial roles it play in checking the excess of power abuse and influences public policies and programmes for the general well-being and interests of the electorates and the society. However, in Nigeria these roles have been impaired by number of challenges that combine to become bottleneck in their way of ensuring conduct of smooth democratic governance in the country. This paper examines the challenges facing media in promoting democratic governance in Nigeria. Library research is used as major methodology of the study. While, social responsibility theory is adopted as theoretical frame. It argues that if democratic governance is to be nurtured, maintained and consolidated, media must be accorded opportunities for providing plural avenues of channelling mass opinion and choices, and also serves as watch dog against the authoritarian tendencies. However, the paper discovers that firm government control, non-tolerance to opposition and financial consideration as well as ownership structure of the media, operational, technical and ethical problems have been identified as major obstacles toward the realization of their anticipated roles of promoting democratic governance. This ensures that the media is free from unnecessary governmental interference, corrupt free, free from engaging in primordial and parochial inclinations, technologically revolutionized, highly professionalized, ethically sound and bold, characterized by openness to all shades of opinions in the society.

The New Partnership for Africa’s Development and Regional Integration in Africa: Challenges and Prospects

Ikenna Ukpabi Unya , Martha Okorie — Sun, 17 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) is the African socio-economic development plan based on a new partnership between African States and their development partners, especially the highly industrialized countries of the West. It is an initiative geared towards overcoming Africa’s problems of underdevelopment, poverty, undemocratic regimes and poor cooperation among African states. However, since the inception of NEPAD, much economic integration had not taken place among the African states. Hence, the study sets to examine why NEPAD has not made considerable impact in integrating the sub-regional economic groups in Africa. The study is basically qualitative. It utilized existing literatures on African regional development in seeking understanding about NEPAD. The findings reveal that unlike the European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), regional organizations whose citizens are familiar with the workings of their economic mechanisms, many citizens in Africa have fuzzy knowledge of the African Union (AU) and the NEPAD. The study concludes by recommending that African leaders should involve the civil society, private organizations and ordinary people in the activities of NEPAD in order to create the necessary ownership of the project.

Limitations in Countering Armed Group Conflicts, Tactics and Vulnerable Targets in Nigeria

Adebowale Idowu Adeyeye — Wed, 17 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The activities and the negative consequences of armed groups in Nigeria have been one fundamental crisis facing the country over the past decade. This paper is solicitous of the limitations in tackling armed group conflicts and the vulnerable targets. Using content analytical methods of data gathered from secondary sources, it examines armed groups activities and the country’s counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations. The paper argues that though these groups does not have overwhelming firepower or numbers than the state forces but the fundamental constraints in fighting armed groups are in how the military forces can tackle their irregular and unconventional tactics, the challenges of maintaining public supports in the operating environments’ (OE) and the problem of harming the vulnerable targets. It further contends that state cohesiveness, the role of ideology and information technology, duration of conflict and the influences of external actors, also contribute to the constraints not only in traditional warfare but in countering armed group conflicts in Nigeria. It concludes that the traditional constraints in warfare tactics are eroded in the armed conflict warfare in the country arising from above stated limitations as such must be adequately considered in the counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations.

Technological Deployment and its Effect on Credibility of Elections in Nigeria under the Fourth Republic

Wahab Shehu Layiwola — Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This paper investigates the role of technology in Nigeria's electoral process during the Fourth Republic, employing a qualitative research design and drawing on the cybernetics model of communications theory as its theoretical framework. Through interviews with ten experts in technology deployment in the electoral process, the study reveals a consistent increase in technological integration since 2003, with various technologies addressing electoral challenges. The pivotal moment in 2015 marked the introduction of technology for Election Day activities, particularly voter accreditation, and the COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated its adoption. The paper found out that despite challenges like technological glitches and political interference, technology has positively impacted the electoral process by addressing issues such as multiple registrations and manipulation of results, leading to a reduction in electoral violence. The paper recommends the need for sustained commitment to technological enhancement, including investing in advanced equipment and updating software, to address challenges and ensure trustworthy election outcomes. Additionally, comprehensive training programs and legal reforms are recognized as crucial for adapting existing frameworks to the evolving technological landscape and creating a secure, free, fair and regulated credible election for an enhanced democracy.

Proliferation of Small Arms, Light Weapons and Nigerian Security: A Case Study of North-Eastern Nigeria

Benjamin Isah, Baiyi Viniru Luka, Umar Philip — Sun, 17 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Using the North-East as a case study, this research examined the impact of the proliferation of small arms and light weapons on Nigerian security. The research gathered it data from both primary and secondary sources. Content analysis was used in analyzing the data obtained for this study. According to the study, there is a growing market for small arms and light weapons (SALW) in Nigeria. The government should act more forcefully to stop this negative trend, as the spread of small arms and light weapons poses a serious threat to global transnational organized crime and undermines security and development. The fact that many security services had repeatedly found, recovered, and seized a cache of weapons and ammunition supported this claim even more. In light of these difficulties, the size of the country's borders highlights the necessity for a reconsideration of the management and security, Protecting the country's borders and seaports - without which an effective check or battle against the proliferation and trafficking of armaments would remain a mirage. Although it is challenging to estimate the number of illegal SALW in Nigeria, there are a sizable number of these weapons in circulation. Seizures appear to grow in proportion to an overall increase in insecurity.

Effect of Financial Inclusion on Small and Medium Enterprises Employment Generation in Abuja

Peter Iheanyi Echendu, Charles Nwekeaku , Ossai Onyeka Peter — Wed, 24 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This work is aimed at x-raying the effect of financial inclusion on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) generation of employment opportunities in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). This study explores the relationship between financial inclusion and SMEs and how it impacts employment generation in the FCT. The study examines the impact of financial inclusion on the growth and sustainability of SMEs and how this translates to employment generation in the FCT. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining survey and documentary data collection methods. Through a structured questionnaire, relevant data is gathered from a diverse sample of SMEs in the FCT, including information on their finances, access to credit facilities, and challenges. The findings of this study highlight the significant effect of financial inclusion on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Secure loans, investments, and credit lines have been instrumental in supporting various aspects of SME operations, including business expansion, working capital, and investment in equipment or technology. This access to funds has played a crucial role in enabling SMEs to grow and thrive, contributing to job creation and economic development in the FCT. The study recommends that policymakers and stakeholders should prioritized financial inclusion initiatives to support SMEs and promote employment generation in the FCT

Effect of Study Leave Grant Pay on Staff Career Advancement at Code of Conduct Bureau, Abuja

Chinasa Maryprudence Onuora, Sylvanus Mohammed Itodo , Ezeh Ann Anayo — Sun, 14 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the effect of study leave grant payments on staff career advancement in the Code of Conduct Bureau in Abuja. The study aims to assess the influence of study leave grants on the career advancement of staff within the Code of Conduct Bureau in Abuja; and investigate the impact of factors including the availability, accessibility, and utilisation of study leave grants on the career progression and job performance of employees in the Code of Conduct Bureau in Abuja. Survey research design was adopted, with a total strength of 301 staff and 172 sample size, Expectancy Theory, developed by Victor Vroom, was adopted as the framework, the findings revealed that majority of respondents attested study leave grants have significantly improved job satisfaction and motivation in the Code of Conduct Bureau, Abuja. These grants have provided access to professional development opportunities, thereby positively impacting career progression and job performance, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the Bureau. Among the recommendations was that given the positive effect of study leave grants on employee skill development and job performance, it is recommended that the Code of Conduct Bureau, Abuja, consider expanding and diversifying the range of professional development opportunities available to its employees.

Impact of Power Sector Reform on Operational Efficiency in Abuja Electricity Distribution Company

Isa Muhammad — Wed, 17 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Inadequate generation transmission and distribution of electricity constitute major bottlenecks to productivity and industrial growth in Nigeria. Over the years, several reforms have been implemented in the power sector but the challenges persist, and many socio-economic activities are negatively impacted. The problems are exacerbated by inconsistent policies of the government on the management of the power sector and the inefficient capacity of the private operators. This research aims to explore the impact of power sector reform on operational efficiency in Abuja Electricity Distribution Company, involving 50,631 respondents with a sample size of 367 determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table. Data collection utilized a self-structured questionnaire, and analysis employed descriptive statistics like frequency count and mean. The study is anchored on the modernization theory. The findings showed that the power sector reform in Abuja Electricity Distribution Company (AEDC) has revealed challenges related to poor funding, inadequate implementation of reforms, and lack of essential infrastructure. The study recommends establishing a robust oversight mechanism, involving regulatory bodies and industry experts, which is crucial for ensuring the effective implementation of power sector reforms. This oversight can monitor and evaluate the progress, identify bottlenecks, and recommend corrective measures, fostering a more streamlined and efficient execution of reforms. Implementing diverse funding mechanisms, such as public-private partnerships, attracting investments, and securing government support, can bolster AEDC's financial position. This would provide the necessary resources to upgrade infrastructure, invest in advanced technologies, and improve overall operational capabilities.

Effect of Farmers-Herders Conflict on School Enrollment in Benue State

Ngbede Adeyi, Mahmud Ibrahim Adamu, Sylvanus Mohammed Itodo — Sun, 17 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study analyzed the effect of farmers-herders conflict on the school enrollment in Benue state. The study sought to achieve the following objectives: analyzing the temporal variations in school enrollment rates in Benue State due to the farmers-herders conflict; assessing the influence of the farmers-herders conflict on the quality of education in schools located in conflict-affected areas of Benue State; and examining the impact of the farmers-herders conflict on student participation rates in schools within Benue State. The study adopted both the survey and documentary design as its method for the collection of data. The population of the study consisted of the 692,000 indigenes of Agatu, Guma and Logo Local Government Area of Benue State. The findings of the study revealed that the farmers-herders conflict in Benue State has had a significant impact on school enrollment rates, indicating a noticeable fluctuations in enrollment rates over time due to the conflict. The study also revealed that the farmers-herders conflict in Benue State has had a significant negative impact on the quality of education in schools located in conflict-affected areas. The study therefore recommended that the policymakers, educators, and stakeholders should prioritize targeted interventions to mitigate the disruptive effects of the farmers-herders conflict on school enrollment rates in Benue State. Also, policymakers and education authorities should prioritize comprehensive measures to address the adverse effects of the farmers-herders conflict on the quality of education in conflict-affected areas of Benue State

Lack of infrastructural Maintenance Culture and its Effects on the Development of North-eastern Nigeria

Umar Iliya, Momsiri B. Maigari, Ndoya Tsun-Dudaya Ishaku — Mon, 22 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Infrastructure have been one of the major sources of development of any country in the world, Nigeria inclusive and north eastern Nigeria in particular but lackadaisical attitude of north eastern zone on maintenance culture has negatively affected infrastructural development which is critical and essential to development of the zone. Poor maintenance culture has drawn north eastern Nigeria backward and one of the stride actions that could salvage the zone from the total mess of infrastructural decay is maintenance. From observation, the issue of the deployment in the zone is not completely the issue of infrastructures but the existing once are not been properly maintained This paper aimed at examining lack of maintenance culture through review of archival materials and participative observations. Poor leadership, corruption, attitudinal problem and lack of maintenance policy were identified as major causes of the menace. some of the objectives among others are: to inculcate the habit of maintenance cultures in the north eastern zone, to examine the extend at which relevant authorities help in project maintenance, to determine the importance of maintenance culture in the zone In conclusion, the paper recommends the inclusion of maintenance culture in national educational curriculum, maintenance policy formulation and appointment of facility managers among others as necessary steps towards making the zone to develop.

Effect of E-Governance Training on Employee Performance at National Orientation Agency, Abuja

Ezeh Ann Anayo, Sylvanus Mohammed Itodo , Chinasa Maryprudence Onuora — Sun, 14 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In today's rapidly evolving digital age, e-governance has emerged as a pivotal tool for enhancing government operations and improving service delivery. The National Orientation Agency (NOA), FCT Directorate, is no exception to this paradigm shift, as it seeks to harness the potential of e-governance to augment employee performance. This study aims to examine the effect of e-governance training on employee performance in national orientation agency, FCT directorate. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to collect data. A sample of employees from various departments and levels within the NOA, FCT Directorate, participated in the study. Data analysis involves statistical techniques to determine the correlation between e-governance training and employee performance. The study adopted Vroom expectancy Theory as a framework. The study's findings revealed that e-governance training and its alignment with job requirements and responsibilities, the impact of skills and knowledge gained from training on employee performance at the National Orientation Agency (NOA) in Abuja, among the recommendations is that the organisations should conduct a comprehensive evaluation of their e-governance training programmes to identify strengths and weaknesses. This assessment should include feedback from employees to gain insights into their specific needs and challenges

Socio-Cultural Determinant of Girl Child Education in Cross River State

Victoria Amiokama Eyong — Tue, 16 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Worldwide attention is focused on actualizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Beyond policies and laws establishing universal basic education, the implementation of UBE's laudable objectives and overcoming the various challenges facing it within the school system are the dominant factors for the attainment of sustainable development goals, most especially SDG 4 and SDG 5. But the worrisome nature of the problem of gender disparity internationally has to be dealt with, so as not to derail that dream. It has been noted that one of the challenges in basic education in Africa remains the disproportionate balance in gender representation in school enrollment. In Nigeria, since the advent of UBE, there has been a noticeable increase in school enrolment, the first step in access to education. Education, a fundamental right of every child and crucial for societal transformation, has seen a rise in female enrollment. Yet, existing studies lack clarity on the cultural factors driving this change. This research aims to explore how parents' cultural and religious beliefs influence girl-child education in Cross River State, involving 7,500 respondents with a sample size of 347, determined using Krejcie and Morgan. Data collection utilized a self-structured questionnaire, and analysis employed descriptive statistics like frequency count and mean. The findings suggest that parents' religious convictions impact the girl child's education, and cultural ideas also play a role.

An Assessment of the World Bank-Assisted FADAMA II Project Towards Sustainable Rural Development in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Umaru Ibrahim Yakubu, Ahmed Usman — Sun, 17 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The World Bank’s intervention in Nigeria’s rural development has not yielded sustainable improvement in the living conditions of rural dwellers who are predominantly smallholder farmers. Many reasons have been attributed to this failure such as corruption and bad governance. This paper assesses the World Bank-supported FADAMA II project with a focus on sustainable rural development in Kaduna State. Using the dependency theoretical perspective and primary data generated through a survey of 400 farmers, the paper assesses the project’s achievements in three aspects. The first being knowledge uptake on good agricultural practices, the second is access to agricultural inputs and the third is financial viability among project beneficiaries in Kaduna State. The paper argues that the sustainability of the project’s achievements in the state within the three aspects is uncertain. This is largely attributed to the project design which can hardly engender sustainable rural development. Therefore, the paper recommends that the state commits more resources and becomes more effective in its rural development efforts, rather than depend on donor support to develop the rural areas.

Harnessing the Harmonious Sounds of Naija Music as Tool for Ethnic Integration in Nigeria

Adeyinka Patrick Adewumi, David Olushola Adejumo — Wed, 17 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Nigeria, a nation of cultural diversity with several ethnic groups, has contended with challenges related to ethnic tensions and management strategies for national unity. In the continual search for measures of fostering national integration, this study looks at a different perspective on the role of contemporary Nigerian music, often called "Naija music," as a tool for fostering ethnic integration in the country. Relying on secondary sources such as articles, journals, texts, blogs and music data from streaming platforms, through content analysis, it observes that Naija music, characterised by its universal appeal, transcends geographical, linguistic, and cultural boundaries, making it a unifying force that brings Nigerians from various ethnic backgrounds together. This paper argues that the popularity of Naija music, characterised by artists with audiences across all states of the federation, can foster common bonds amongst the diverse entities within the country. This cross-cultural appreciation of Naija music demonstrates its potential as a unifying force in Nigeria. The findings of this research offer valuable insights into the use of music to foster national integration, enhance social cohesion, and promote unity among Nigerians, especially the youths who constitute a significant population.

Electoral Violence, Insecurity and the Credibility of the 2023 General Election in Nigeria

Abdulrahman Barau Yusuf, Auwalu Saminu — Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This paper assesses how electoral violence and insecurity affected the credibility of the 2023 general elections in Nigeria. The problem in this study is that insecurity and electoral violence are often used by politicians as tools to succeed in their political affairs. This can be in the form of organizing armed thugs to disrupt the electoral process by destroying election materials, attacks on the election staff, displacement and intimidation of voters, assassination of political opponents, innocent voters and election staff. In all political activities in Nigeria, violence and insecurity are reflected. These act of violence and insecurity started from the pre-election to post-election periods. This made success in conducting credible elections difficult in the country. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out using, participant observations, and literature studies. Triangulation method of data analysis was used. As for the results of this study, first, many of the political candidates use violence as a weapon to win elections, the violent nature of elections and the threats from certain terrorist groups, and bandits have succeeded in reducing the voter turnout as many are scared of endangering their physical well-being. Accordingly, some recommendations and policy implications became important. For instance, innovative security strategies and deployment for the protection of voters, election personnel, materials, as well as the general public became necessary for a credible election to hold.

Empowering Traditional Leaders for Sustainable Peace-building in Bekwarra LGA of Cross River State, Nigeria

Omang Theresa Okoli, Musibau Olabamiji Oyebode , Thomas Bayo Asala — Sun, 14 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examined the critical role of traditional leaders in fostering sustainable peace in Bekwarra Local Government Area (LGA) of Northern Cross River State, Nigeria. Recognising the unique position and influence these leaders hold within their communities, the research aims to understand how their empowerment can contribute to long-term peacebuilding efforts in a local government characterised by communal conflicts. Through a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with community leaders and stakeholders and quantitative surveys of local residents, the study identifies the mechanisms through which traditional leaders can effectively mediate conflicts, mobilise community resources for peace, and facilitate dialogue among conflicting parties. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating indigenous knowledge systems and leadership structures into formal peacebuilding processes. Additionally, the research underscores the need for capacity building and support for traditional leaders to enhance their conflict resolution skills, legitimacy, and ability to collaborate with governmental and non-governmental organisations in peace initiatives. By situating traditional leaders at the heart of peacebuilding strategies, this study contributes to a growing body of literature advocating for a more localised and culturally sensitive approach to conflict resolution and peace maintenance. The implications of this research are significant, suggesting that empowering traditional leaders can lead to more resilient and peaceful communities, not only in Bekwarra LGA but also in other conflict-prone areas of Nigeria and beyond.

Challenges of Fuel Subsidy Removal on the Nigerian Economy: A Study of Gombe State

Abdulrasheed Abdulyakeen , Nurain Abayomi Mumuni — Sun, 17 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study examines the Implications of Fuel Subsidy Removal on the Nigerian Economy. A Study of Gombe State using traditional economic theory as theoretical framework. While adopting survey design, questionnaires were used as an instrument for the collection of data. The study revealed that, it has increased inflation by 50% and decreased economic welfare. In turn, this resulted in inflation and a decline in consumer purchasing power. Furthermore, the results showed that the citizens of Gombe state have a bad opinion of the subsidies that were eliminated. In addition, the elimination of the fuel subsidies raised transportation fares by 35%. They no longer have greater commercial opportunities as a result of the elimination of gasoline subsidies. The study conclude that the elimination of gasoline subsidies has no beneficial effects on Nigeria's economy, government should remove subsidies in a sincere manner, or else the public will be willing to reject any programs, no matter how beneficial, that are planned. Before drafting or implementing any policies, the government should also ensure that the relevant parties have been consulted, particularly when the policies directly affect people, both in rural and urban areas.

Evaluating the Challenges and Prospects of Fuel Subsidy Removal on Nigeria’s Economy

Wed, 17 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Nigeria's fuel subsidy program has been a contentious issue for decades. While intended to benefit citizens, its implementation has faced challenges like corruption and fiscal burden. This paper examines the potential outcomes of fuel subsidy removal, focusing on both the difficulties it presents and the economic opportunities it creates. The paper used secondary data such as books, journals, newspapers and magazines, and content analysis as its methodology. Neo-liberalism was adopted as the possible framework that guide the study. Neo-liberalism is a policy model that encompasses both politics and economics. It is a political and economic philosophy that emphasizes free trade, deregulation, globalization and a reduction in government spending. The Findings discovered some challenges of fuel subsidy removal which includes: increased cost of living, potential social unrest, high transportation cost and the impact on vulnerable populations. It then investigates the potential benefits, such as reduced government spending, improved productivity in the oil sector, increased revenue generation, alleviate fuel theft, adequate resources, reduces government borrowing, increased investment in other critical sectors like infrastructure, and a more efficient fuel market. The paper recommends that the Federal government should fast track the rehabilitation of refineries, enforce new national minimum wage in all the sectors including private sector and introduce subsidy in transportation sector as against temporary palliatives introduced by the federal government to cushion the effects of fuel subsidy removal.

Implementation of Public-Private Partnership in Housing Programme and Affordable Housing in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria

Kabiru Sule, Erunke Canice Esidene , Yahaya Abdullahi Adadu — Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Despite multiple schemes implemented by various governments around the country, affordable housing remains elusive to the average Nigerian. Because the situation is comparable to that of other developing nations, it remains a key concern in these countries socioeconomic development. Over 52% of Nigeria's population has been claimed to live in shanties, squatter communities and informal settlements. This study, therefore, examined Implementation of Public-Private Partnership in Housing Programme and Affordable Housing in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design. The primary source includes data gathered from distribution of questionnaires to Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA). A sample size of three hundred and eighty five (385) was selected for the study. The study found among other things that the implementation of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in housing programme and affordable housing in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria, has shown promising results in addressing the challenges of affordable housing but hasn’t actually been able to ensure that all citizens/residents have access to decent housing accommodation at affordable cost as rightly enshrined in the National Housing Policy goal and objective. The study therefore recommended among other things that Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCTA) should enhance and streamline the legal and regulatory framework governing PPPs in the housing sector.

A Synopsis of the Nigerian Democracy

Dare Isaac Akindoyin, Ronald Olufemi Badru — Thu, 11 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper makes a critical analysis of Nigerian Democracy. In the Global North and Global South, democracy has emerged as the most viable governmental system. Since its transition from military rule to democracy in 1999, Nigeria has navigated a complex political landscape marked by progress as well as persistent challenges. That is, the Nigerian State has navigated a tumultuous journey through various forms of democracy, driven by the conviction that it represents the sole acceptable political framework for the nation. Despite encountering considerable challenges, including the perceived inadequacies of the elections in 2003, 2007, and the mixed outcomes of those in 2011 and 2015, 2019 and 2023, the commitment to democracy remains deeply ingrained among the populace. With the adoption of content analysis and the liberal theory of state as a theoretical framework, the research critically explores the Nigerian Democracy since the fourth republic. The findings of this research paper are that, the fundamental measure of democracy lies in effective or good governance while good governance entails; improved living standards for the average person, heightened public perception of fair and judicious allocation and use of resources, restoration and functionality of essential infrastructure, economic diversification and increased trust in the electoral process. The research paper recommends citizens attitudinal change, electoral reforms, political party regulation, civic education, civil society engagement, judicial independence, anti-corruption measures, decentralization of power, ethnic and religious harmony, for effective consolidation of the Nigerian democracy.

Effect of United Nations Development Programmes on Quality of Primary Education in Abuja

Onwukwe Maureen Kelechi , Ossai Onyeka Peter — Wed, 24 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study is to examine the effect of United Nations Development Programmes (UNDP) on Education in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja (measured by financial resources, policy implementation and government commitment). Education plays a pivotal role in shaping societies and fostering sustainable development. Grounded in the context of improving access to quality, and equity in education, this research investigates the extent to which UNDP initiatives have contributed to educational advancements in the FCT. The study employs a survey research design to analyse the relationship between UNDP and access to quality education as well as the challenges and successes of the programme. A total of 278 respondents were selected randomly for the study. The data for the study was collected through a close-ended questionnaire and subjected to analysis using descriptive statistics of frequency and simple percentage technique. Findings revealed that UNDP programmes have not significantly impacted on the quality of education in the FCT, Abuja. Again, the challenge faced majorly is that of infrastructural deficits and evidence from the research revealed that the greatest success achieved with the UNDP initiative in education is the synergy among stakeholders. In conclusion, this study contributes to understanding how UNDP initiatives shape education in the FCT, highlighting successes and challenges. The study recommends improve funding to ensure the sustainability of intervention and the actives participation of community. The findings offer insights for policymakers, educators, and development practitioners aiming to enhance education within the region.