The Dynamics of Identity Politics and Religious Pluralism in Nigeria: Implications for National Unity

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between identity politics and religious pluralism in Nigeria, analysing how ethno-religious identities shape political dynamics and affect national unity. Nigeria’s varied religious landscape which is dominated by Christianity and Islam has become a critical arena for identity mobilization, often intensifying tensions and undermining unity. Through a mixed methods approach combining qualitative analysis of key events and surveys on ethno-religious attitudes, this research investigates how politicians use religious identities to gain power. Findings reveal that while religious pluralism is not meant to divide, politicized identity narratives results in mistrust, marginalization, and fragmentation. The study however argues for inclusive governance, the need for interfaith dialogue, and policy reforms to position national identity far beyond ethnic and religious lines, bringing about unity without removing diversity. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to reduce identity driven conflicts and to strengthen Nigeria’s nascent democracy and social cohesion.