An Analysis of Factors Responsible for Low Voters’ Turnout in the 2023 Presidential Elections in Northeast, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined consolidation of democracy through election and good governance in the Fourth Republic with specific reference to factors responsible for low voters’ turnout in the 2023 Presidential Election in the North-East, Nigeria. The trend of General Elections conducted since 1999 showed that Nigeria witnessed a consistent decline in electoral voting. The voting turnout for the Presidential election was 52% in 1999, 69% in 2003, 58% in 2007, 54% in 2011, 44% in 2015, 35% in 2019 and 27% in 2023. The study area is North East Nigeria that comprises Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe states. For the purpose of data collection - Borno, Gombe and Yobe were conveniently selected. The study employed Mixed Method Research that involved quantitative and qualitative techniques of data collection and analysis. Primary and secondary data were sourced through questionnaire administration, Key Informant Interview with traditional rulers, political party members, INEC officials as well as document analysis. The findings of the study revealed that failure of democratic system in place to provide good governance that can promote and guarantee development of education, healthcare, good road network, water supply, housing and security among others. Other factors include insecurity and incidence of election related violence, CBN cashless policy (cash scarcity), desire of ruling class to remain in power at all cost and lack of internal party democracy. The study recommended the need for good governance that can guarantee security and welfare of the people.