Kashere Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences

Financial Liberalization and Nigerian Monetary Policy

2022-07-06T14:21:18+00:00

This study investigates the effect of financial liberalization on Nigerian monetary policy using a quarterly data on monetary policy rate, foreign direct investment, private sector financing and decentralized finance from 2000Q1 to 2020Q4. The study employs the Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) approach to bound testing for cointegration. The findings of the study reveals that the coefficient of long-run model shows that foreign direct investment (FDI) have significant positive effect on monetary policy rate on the other hand, Private sectors finance (PSF) and decentralized financing (DeFi) have a negative impact on monetary policy rate (MPR), in Nigeria. The short-run dynamics results also confirm that foreign direct investment rate have significant positive impact on monetary policy rate. In despite of the numerous economic and financial reforms undertaken since the year 2000 by Monetary Authority of Nigeria (CBN), the study recommends that proper economic reform and regulation of the financial institutions should be made in line with the dynamism and the monetary policy transformation.

Geography and Religion in Hausa and Tangale Belief Systems: An Emic Perspective

2022-07-03T14:15:06+00:00

Migration process has resulted in the development of numerous belief systems in most societies of the world. Belief system is one of the cultural resources that creates vitality to culture and gives cultural confidence to the adherents of a particular culture. In addition, belief is the complete picture of the system of the adherents’ conviction either directly or indirectly. This paper concentrates on the history of migration of Hausa groups to the following locations: Kaltungo, Shangom and Billiri all in Gombe State. The focus is the link between geography, religion and belief system in relations to the dual community. Also, similarities and differences between Hausa and Tangale belief system have been identified. The paper chooses emic perspective to explore the reasons why Hausa and Tangale which share many similarities in their belief systems to reveal the influence of geography and religion in such relations. The paper submitted that belief system is conventional and not scientific as it cannot be overcome by logic as scientific ideas and revealed that religion has helped to break through.

Relative Impact of Bank Credit on Manufacturing Sector in Nigeria

2022-07-06T10:50:04+00:00

The study examined the relative impact of bank credit on manufacturing sector in Nigeria from 1981 to 2018. The techniques adopted in the study include; ordinary least square (OLS) method, Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Johansen cointegration test and error correction mechanism (ECM) technique. The data used for the analysis is secondary source of data and the model adopted in the work is a linear regression model. The findings showed that lending rate, credit to private sectors, and loans and advances to manufacturing sector contributed positively to the manufacturing sector output with the exception of inflation rate. Therefore, the study recommends that government should, through the Central Bank of Nigeria, pursue policies that lower interest rate (cost of capital) and reduce inflation on one hand and increase money supply as well as loans and advances to the investors in order to increase the output of the manufacturing sector which is capable of stimulating economic growth.

Unmasking the Tape of Electoral Fraud in Grassroots Nigeria: Evidence from the Management of the Local Council Elections by the State Independent Electoral Commissions (SIECs)

2022-07-03T13:48:42+00:00

Electoral fraud is identified as an albatross on genuine democratization in Nigerian politics. The Nigerian political culture demonstrates a zero-sum game where a winner takes all and where a winner employs all amoral ineptitude to secure victory. The situation is escalated at the grassroots level in the country where the constitutional three-tier of the federal, state and local system was bastardised by the states that succeeded in emasculating the local governments under their absolute personal control. The local council polls usually turned into a charade that is perpetuated by charlatans in the name of elections where in reality, forceful imposition, selection and subversion of the process became the order of the day. The study examined how the use of SIECs aided the phenomenon of electoral fraud at the grassroots level where the local council elections are designed and arrested by state governors based on their selfish desire. The study utilized both primary and secondary sources of data. The data obtained were analyzed and interpreted using a mixed method of statistical tools and content analysis. The study discovered that the SIECs became tools in the pawn of the state governors that they leveraged in manipulating the local government elections against the will of the electorates at the grassroots and that has tremendously affected the democratization process in the country where authentic institutional building remains a mirage even after more than 20 years of the democratic experiment. The study recommends that the SIECs should be abrogated and the INEC should conduct the local council elections together with the national elections at the same time.

Language and the Cultural Practices of Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba People in Nigeria

2022-07-06T10:36:43+00:00

This study entitled ‘Language and the Cultural Practices of the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba People in Nigeria’ is designed to find out whether or not language determines the cultural practices of its speakers, using the Hausa, Ibo and Yoruba of Nigeria as the theme. The research adopted two theories to work with: linguistic determinism and Social Cohesion. To achieve the objective of this study, linguistic tools such as words, proverbs, worldviews and praise-epithets relating to food, clothing and politics were fully utilized. Moreover, the three ethnic groups’ behavioral patterns on dresses, dishes, literature, languages, historical and religious bases were collected using structural interview questions. 100 respondents were interviewed from each of the selected ethnic groups. The respondents were selected using purpose sampling techniques. T-test statistical tool was employed in analyzing the responses of the respondents in determining the differences in cultural practices among the selected ethnic groups. The finding of the study revealed statistical significant differences between Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. In addition, this research revealed the manners and behaviors’ of each mentioned ethnic groups.

Nigerian Biofuels Policy and Large-Scale Land Acquisitions: Implications for Food Security

2022-07-06T14:44:00+00:00

This paper examines, based on empirical investigations, the overall implications on food security of the proliferation of biofuels production and large-scale land acquisitions against the background of Nigeria being food import dependent and a leading producer of fossil fuel. It focuses on how the cultivation for fuel, of crops such as cassava, corn and sorghum (major staple foods), oil palm, sugar cane and jathropha (a non-food crop) affect food security as food and fuel compete for land use. The food versus fuel debate is reviewed within the context of Nigeria, without necessary relying on the global generalization. Similarly, the theory of “unintended consequences” is adopted for the study. Data on designated fuel crops and biofuels policy are used to examine the nature, direction, pace, and drawing the nexus between biofuels production and land grabbing and their impacts on food security in Nigeria. The data is collected through semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, focused group discussions with targeted stakeholders and secondary data from policy documents. The result of the study reveals the effect of Nigerian biofuels policy and large-scale land acquisitions on food security in Nigeria.

Colonialism and the Development of Markets on the Jos Plateau

2022-07-05T22:29:11+00:00

A lot has been written about the establishment of colonial administration on the Jos Plateau with focus around the economic, social and political dimensions. What is however neglected is the history of marketplaces. This work thus examines the development of the colonial economy to unpack their ramifications within the context of market exchange on the Jos Plateau. This historicised approach will demonstrate the transformational force of the British colonial formation upon pre-colonial structures in the area.

Women and African Labour Force: A Retrospective Analysis

2022-07-06T14:31:33+00:00

The International Day of the Girl Child is celebrated annually to empower and amplify the voices of young girls around the world. However, it is still tough being a woman in Africa because culturally, women are seen as inferior. Women face sexism in the work place, public places and even in their homes. They have to deal with gender stereotypes at work and their economic and social rights are violated daily either deliberately or out of ignorance. There is serious gender inequality in employment and the African labour force. This article will interrogate the policies and practices that impede the participation of women in the African labour force. It will examine the harmful practices in employment and how women have risen and can rise above them. Discussing this within the African context, the multidisciplinary approach to historical writing will be utilized to gather the facts and interpret them objectively. The conclusion will emphasize the fact that it is imperative to stop trivializing this issue and give it the seriousness it deserves. After all, directly or indirectly, it affects us all and requires our collective input to tackle it.

Rural Banditry and the Education Sector in Northwest and Northcentral Nigeria

2022-07-05T09:24:14+00:00

In the aftermath of the mass kidnap for ransom of students from different schools in Niger and Kaduna states of Nigeria by armed bandits, there is an argument that rural banditry stifles education in these states. This is because not only has it led to the closure of many schools, but also that there is an indication that kidnapping of students is a new dimension to the lingering issue of banditry in Niger and Kaduna states. Few scholars have examined the link between banditry and educational stagnation in these regions. This is surprising, as violent armed groups have often focused on kidnapping of students as a means of sustaining threat of violence, securing global attention, obtaining ransom and projecting national security as weak to secure the citizens. Using the descriptive framework, this paper examines the connection between rural banditry and educational sector in Niger and Kaduna states, Nigeria. It reveals the complicated challenges faced by government and security officials in tackling the menace of banditry. The mass kidnap of students, a vulnerable group in the society has become a norm than the exception. This has implication for the education sector as schools in rural areas have been shut down and academic calendar affected, thereby exacerbating existing inadequacy of educational provision in rural areas of these states.

Governance and Public Expenditure: The Case of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) Countries

2022-07-06T11:02:36+00:00

Public expenditure is considered a means of supplying public goods and services and accelerating economic growth through government consumption. Government spending on infrastructures like health, agriculture, education, energy, rural development, transport and communication enhances growth and development.This paper examines the relationship between governance (corruption and political instability) and public expenditure with other control variables, using Pooled Mean Group (PMG) to tackle the problem of heterogeneity from 1996 to 2017 of 34 SSA countries. The results revealed a long-run relationship between governance, trade, income, debt service, population growth and government consumption expenditure as a % of GDP in the SSA region. Specifically, both corruption and political instability reduce government consumption expenditure in countries with low governance, whereas in countries with very low governance, it's only corruption that increases government consumption, which means corruption contributes more to governance than political instability. Trade, income, debt service and population are also significant determinants of government consumption expenditure. This outcome implies that governance is a determinant of government consumption in the SSA region. We recommend that Anti-corruption agencies should ensure enforcement of their laws and compliance with the code of ethics for public officers – declaring assets they may have in private investments- to ensure they do not turn richer above their earnings through corrupt activities.

Queen Kampa of Opobo Kingdom in the Eastern Niger Delta: The Founder of Kampa Town 1881- 1900

2022-07-03T14:06:31+00:00

This paper examines selected contributions of Ibani women to the growth and development of Opobo kingdom. One of such women was Queen Kampa, one of the principal wives of King Jaja of Opobo, who was said to have led an expedition against the Ibuno people of Ibibio extraction in 1881. The paper adopts the use of oral tradition, oral history and secondary sources to achieve the full investigation. This paper reveals that after the expedition, Queen Kampa opted to stay back at Kampa which she purchased from Elile people in Eastern Obolo of Akwa Ibom State. According to oral tradition, she adopted four sons, Nwachukwu, Nkanta, Etewo and Ekwe and divided the village amongst them. Her leadership brought about major changes that are worth critical analysis and, by implications, the paper seeks to encourage women who had discovered their hidden talents, not to relent in their efforts to make their marks for posterity as Queen Kampa had done.

Indigenous Language: A Barn of African Cultural Heritage

2022-07-06T10:43:01+00:00

Language and culture are symbiotically related whereby, one is necessary for the existence of another, they equally serves as a grain store of our cultural heritage, so therefore one cannot study them in isolation. This paper will explore the two concepts and their connectedness with specific examples from some African languages within our midst. Language is in fact deeply-rooted in the culture of its speakers. Therefore, the cultural morals of the people are domicile in their language, to expatiate the connectedness, a well-articulated theory that is Sapir Whorfian theory is used in the critical analysis

Economic Analysis of Cashew Nuts Marketing among Produce Buyers

2022-07-05T22:36:44+00:00

The study analyzed the economic analysis of cashew nuts marketing among produce buyers in Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State. Two agricultural zones were purposively selected for the study within the local government areas. The subjects were selected randomly from each of the zones. A total of 125 respondents were randomly selected from the produce buyers for the survey. The primary data was collected with questionnaires and focus group discussion. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics gross margin analysis and multiple regression analysis. The major means of distribution of cashew nut is from producers to wholesalers. Personal savings dominated the source of capital for producers. Majority of the producers, about 62.4% respondents are educated. From the average cost and returns of cashew nut marketing, the result indicates that the cashew nut has net profit of N2,022,500. The return on capital invested was N1.78 meaning that for every N1 invested on cashew nut marketing N1.78 is realized indicating it is a profitable business. However, the constraints faced by the cashew producer buyer was poor pricing, inadequate credit facilities, bad assess road and lack of storage facilities. It is recommended that marketers are to ensure quality nuts devoid of immature and deformed ones, maintain quality drying process, sorting, and packaging to enhance quality and hence profitability. In addition, the government should encourage private sector to invest in the establishment of cashew industry to promote quality cashew product, which will enhance standard local content for export supply.

The Reign of King Douglas Jaja, Jeki IV, Amanyanabo of Opobo Kingdom in the Eastern Niger Delta, 1936-1980

2022-07-06T14:36:40+00:00

The crux of this paper is to examine the reign of King Douglas Jaja, Jeki IV, the Amanyanabo of Opobo. During his reign, the state faced succession disputes within the King Jaja Opuwari (the ruling class). King Douglas Jaja 1936-1980 became the fourth ruler under the Jeki Dynasty. During the reign, succession dispute led by Chief Stephen Jaja led to the deposition King Douglas Jaja from being the Head of the Opuwari but continued to reign as the Amanyanabo of Opobo. In order to resolve the issue, the king Jaja house in its entirety resolved to setup a body known as King Jaja Executive Authority. The newly established king Jaja Executive Authority insisted that they had no other person to occupy the throne of King Jaja. This body was able to exercise the executive and legislative functions pending the reinstatement of the Amanyanabo. He was reinstated in 1952 as both the head of the Opuwari and the Amanyanabo of Opobo. This paper seeks to examine the succession dispute in Opobo Kingdom involving King Douglas Jaja between 1936 and 1980. The methodology is qualitative based mainly from secondary sources, particularly from British Records office, London and National Archives, Enugu and Text Books.

Divorce and the Sanctity of Marriage Institution in Northern Nigeria: The Gombe Experience

2022-07-05T22:15:14+00:00

This paper examines the nature and causes of rampant divorce, and the sanctity of marriage institution in northern Nigeria with particular focus on Gombe metropolis in Gombe State, Nigeria. The study employed the rational choice theory as its theoretical framework. Using the multi-stage sampling procedure, one hundred and twenty respondents were selected. Data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics, frequency counts and simple percentage. Findings of the study show that most of the Kalare boys who constitute nuisance in Gombe metropolis are products of broken homes. Findings of the study also revealed that parental influence and immaturity due to early marriage are major factors that cause rampant divorce in Gombe metropolis. To curb this menace and maintain the sanctity of marriage institution in Gombe metropolis and Northern Nigeria in general, the study suggests a strong advocacy of girl child education, marriage counselling and discourage early girl child marriage.