Comparative Assessment of The Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extract of Annona muricata against Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

In indigenous medicine, natural products particularly those derived from plants have long been utilized to support human health. Annona muricata is widely used in folkore medicine by indigenous people in South America and Africa because of its purported therapeutic benefits. This study was conducted to explore he phytochemical constituents and also ascertain the antibacterial activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Annona muricata leaf (soursop) leaves against Staphylococcus aureus. The extracts were screened qualitatively for the presence of phytochemicals and tannins, saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids were present. Antibacterial susceptibility profile of the isolate with standard antibiotics as well as the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was determined using disc and agar diffusion method respectively. The inhibition zones of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Annona muricata against Staphylococcus aureus were 37 ± 4.7 mm and 25 ± 3.75 mm respectively at 100 mg/ml concentration. The HPLC analysis of the phytochemicals revealed the presence of Limonime, Licorice, Geraniol, Strychnine, Chlorogenic acid, Quinine, Squalene and some unidentified compounds. This study revealed the antibacterial activity of crude Annona muricata leaf extracts against the clinical isolate in comparison to some standard antibiotics. Further research on the isolation and characterization of the bioactive agent in the plant is required to provide a variety of novel components for drug discovery.