Influence of Biochar on Lead –Induced Oxidative Damage and Anti-Oxidative Defense Mechanisms on the Leaf of Solanum lycopersicum (L.) (Tomato)

Abstract

This study examined the impact of biochar derived from kolanut pods on the growth of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and its ability to mitigate oxidative stress caused by lead (Pb) toxicity. A pot experiment was conducted in artificially Pb-contaminated soil, utilizing various levels of biochar application (1%, and 3% w/w). Tomato seedlings were cultivated under four treatment conditions for 74 days; control, soil spiked with 250 mg Pb/kg, soil spiked with 250 mg Pb /kg and treated with 1% biochar, and soil spiked with 250 mg Pb and treated with 3% biochar. Growth parameters, which include the plant height, leaf number, stem girth, leaf area, number of petiole and petiole length were monitored. The findings indicated heightened oxidative stress in plants grown in soil solely spiked with Pb. Application of 1% biochar enhanced plant growth, whereas a higher dose (3%) hindered growth. Both 1% and 3% biochar treatments reduced oxidative stress and improved antioxidant activities compared to the control and Pb-contaminated soil without biochar amendment. Consequently, the application of biochar to soil contaminated with Pb shows promise in mitigating the hazards posed by lead (Pb) toxicity in plant.