Melissopalynological Study of Honey in some selected areas of Offa, Kwara State, North Central, Nigeria

Abstract

Melissopalynology provides critical insights into the botanical and geographical origins of honey, supporting authentication, quality control, and ecological studies. This study examined thirty honey samples collected from twelve locations in Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria, between November 2012 and January 2013, using acetolysis, potassium hydroxide, and water-wash techniques. Microscopic analysis identified 108 plant species from 59 families, with a total of 32,539 pollen grains counted across all samples. All honeys were multifloral, with dominant contributions from Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Anacardiaceae, and Combretaceae. Notable species such as Psidium guajava, Elaeis guineensis, and Carica papaya were recurrently represented. Pollen counts varied markedly, ranging from 2,181 grains in Unilorin honey to 482 grains in Oja-Oba honey per five fields of view. Statistical analyses (ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) revealed significant spatial variation in pollen frequencies, reflecting both regional floristic diversity and honeybee foraging preferences. The presence of pollen from both cultivated and wild savannah species underscores the ecological role of honeybees in linking natural and agricultural landscapes. These findings not only authenticate the multifloral nature of Offa honeys but also provide a baseline for detecting adulteration and monitoring honey quality in Nigeria. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of melissopalynological analysis as a robust tool for apicultural research, conservation of floral resources, and the promotion of honey as a high-value product for both local and international markets.